A decrease in mortality and an improved prognosis of the lives of infants with congenital heart and vascular defects are largely determined by the timeliness of cardiac surgery for children. Reducing the number of delayed operations due to intercurrent morbidity, mainly pneumonia, increasing the risk of death (Forrester MB, 2004; Kim A.I. et al., 2003; Ilyin V.N. et al., 2005; Bokeria L.A. et al., 2014) requires solving a number of issues related to the features of the clinic and the course of pneumonia in complex CHD, as well as the development of new therapeutic approaches.